Source+10+Fact(s)

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 * 1) Such widespread concern with body shape (or “body-image disturbance”) is a relatively new historical development that mirrors the increasing tendency for media outlets to feature dieting information and images of extremely thin characters and models.
 * 2) Rates of occurrence of eating disorders among females in the United States range from as little as 1 percent (for anorexia) to more than 20 percent (for bulimia).
 * 3) Rates of occurrence of eating disorders among males in the United States are smaller (about one-tenth that for females), but they are growing too.
 * 4) . Early research suggested that young, white, upper-middle-class, college-educated women were at highest risk for developing eating disorders, but more recent research shows that eating disorders are quickly becoming an affliction of equal opportunity, affecting women of color, children, men, older people,
 * 5) research by Anne E. Becker (1991) suggests, people in countries that previously had little problem with eating disorders until they began importing American media.
 * 6) A 1980 study by David M. Garner, Paul E. Garfinkel, Donald Schwartz, and Michael Thompson reported a significant decrease in the body measurements and weights of //Playboy// centerfold subjects and Miss America Pageant contestants from 1959 to 1978. Updates of this study show a continued trend toward the slimming of both centerfold subjects and pageant contestants.
 * 7) Research generally shows that exposure to the thin-body ideal leads to temporary decreases in self-esteem and increases in body and weight dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety
 * 8) In a 1993 study by Kate Hamilton and Glenn Waller, research participants who did not have eating disorders were not affected by viewing a set of thin-ideal photographs, but when participants who did have eating disorders viewed the photographs, they subsequently overestimated their own body size by an average of 25 percent.]
 * 9) study by Mary C. Martin and Patricia F. Kennedy (1993)showed that the tendency to compare the self tothin models was strongest for participants whoinitially felt the least personally attractive and whohad the lowest self-esteem.
 * 10) Research has shown convincingly that thin-ideal media exposure is related not only to body-image disturbances but also to disordered eating. Kristen Harrison and Joanne Cantor (1997) have shown that this correlation exists even for people who say they have no interest in dieting and fitness as media topics.
 * 11) Like body-image disturbance, disordered eating as an outcome of thin-ideal media exposure is dependent on the audience members’ individual differences, such as sex (females exhibit stronger correlations than males) and interpersonal attraction to thin media personalities (people who are attracted to thin media personalities exhibit stronger correlations than people who are attracted to average or heavy media personalities).
 * 12) Researchers including Michael P. Levine and Linda Smolak (1998) have been working on media literacy campaigns to arm vulnerable children against the onslaught of thin-ideal messages they encounter through media exposure
 * 13) 